Câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais relacionados à saúde ocupacional / Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer related to occupational health

Resumo: Esta pesquisa, apresentada no formato de artigo, está inserida na linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, e integra o Grupo de Pesquisa Multiprofissional em Saúde do Adulto da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Introdução: o câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais corresponde a menos de 1% dos demais tipos de câncer, com fatores etiológicos decorrentes do meio ambiente, das atividades ocupacionais e dos hábitos de vida, com período de latência que pode variar até 20 anos para o aparecimento dos sintomas neoplásicos. Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e ocupacional dos brasileiros com câncer nasossinusal; traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o Questionario Sulla Storia di Lavoro e Sulle Abitudini di Vita utilizado pelo Registro Tumori Seni Nasali e Paranasali da Lombardia, Itália, para o contexto cultural brasileiro; examinar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e ocupacional dos pacientes com câncer nasossinusal e relacionar a ocupação com a exposição ao pó de couro, lenha, cromo e níquel. Artigo 1: é um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, utilizando os dados secundários do Integrador de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer no período de 2007 a 2019, com os CIDs: C30.0 e C31.0 a C31.9. Foram analisados 1.803 registros e destacou-se que 1.161 (64%) eram do sexo masculino, com faixa etária predominante entre 50 e 59 anos (26%; n=298), da raça/cor branca (46%; n=535), solteiros (55%; n=640) e com ensino fundamental incompleto (40%; n=461), que tinham incidência da neoplasia no seio maxilar (52%; n=943), com estadiamento clínico grau IV (32%; n=575). A ocupação foi registrada nos brasileiros com câncer nasossinusal no Grupo 6 (64,7%; n=701) - trabalhadores agropecuários, florestais e da pesca, e no Grupo 8 (26,7%; n=289) - trabalhadores da produção de bens e serviços industriais, principalmente no Estado da Bahia (11%; n=206) e Minas Gerais (18%; n=327). Artigo 2: descreve um estudo metodológico com as etapas de tradução, síntese, retrotradução, relatório de retrotradução, revisão, teste piloto e tradução final proposto pelo European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. O instrumento foi dividido em 11 domínios conforme a característica das perguntas do instrumento original. O pré-teste foi realizado num hospital de referência em oncologia do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, com 15 participantes que foram os pacientes com câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais e cinco familiares, entre julho e setembro de 2021. O instrumento obteve um índice de 94% de concordância entre os juízes, que fizeram sugestões de inclusão, manutenção semântica e substituição em 11 domínios. No pré-teste os participantes fizeram confirmação do entendimento sobre as perguntas e os domínios de 100% (n=15), entretanto, todos tiveram dificuldade de interpretação da palavra "popper", e 53% (n= 8) fizeram proposições de melhoria no questionário. Um participante solicitou a inclusão do narguilé nos hábitos de fumo. Artigo 3: consiste num relato de séries de casos de um hospital de oncologia do Estado do Paraná, no Sul do Brasil, no período de 2005 a 2021. Foram incluídos pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com CID C30 e o grupo C31, que estavam em acompanhamento de saúde nos últimos 12 meses na instituição hospitalar, ou familiares (no caso de óbito do paciente) com idade superior ou igual a 18 anos. Os participantes foram entrevistados com o Questionário sobre o Histórico de Trabalho e os Hábitos de Vida, com os dados obtidos analisados por frequência simples e absoluta Resultados: O Artigo 3 teve 52 participantes eram do sexo masculino (56%; n= 29), casados (31%; n= 16), com ensino fundamental completo (23%; n= 12) e sem histórico de tabagismo (27%; n= 14), onde a localização prevalente foi C30.0 em homens (33%; n=17) com carcinoma de células escamosas (40,3%; n= 21). A exposição carcinogênica com poeira da madeira (29,8%; n=17), cromo e níquel (17,5%; n=10) e com couro e derivados (14%; n=8). Conclusão: a frequência do câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais foi maior no sexo masculino, com ensino fundamental, nos trabalhadores agropecuários e da indústria de transformação e tiveram exposição ao agente carcinogênico; o estudo poderá motivar as reflexões acerca do acometimento do câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais no contexto brasileiro, principalmente de origem ocupacional, conforme as monografias do International Agency for Research on Cancer, que enfatiza a importância de utilizar um instrumento de investigação com informações complexas e essenciais do histórico ocupacional e dos hábitos de vida direcionado para o câncer nasal e dos seios paranasais.

Abstract: This study, presented in the form of an article, is part of the Care Process in Health and Nursing research line of the Postgraduate Program in Nursing, and the Multiprofessional Research Group in Adult Health at the Universidade Federal do Paraná. Introduction: nasal and paranasal sinus cancer corresponds to less than 1% of other types of cancer, has etiological factors resulting from the environment, occupational activities and lifestyle, and a latency period varying up to 20 years for the onset of neoplastic symptoms. Objectives: to characterize the sociodemographic, clinical and occupational profile of Brazilians with sinonasal cancer; translate, culturally adapt and validate the Questionario Sulla Storia di Lavoro e Sulle Abitudini di Vita used by the Registro Tumori Seni Nasali e Paranasali from Lombardy, Italy, for the Brazilian cultural context; to examine the sociodemographic, clinical and occupational profile of patients with sinonasal cancer, and relate the occupation to exposure to leather dust,wood dust, chromium and nickel. Article 1: is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study using secondary data from the Hospital Cancer Registry Integrator from 2007 to 2019 with ICDs: C30.0 and C31.0 to C31.9. Analysis of 1,803 records was performed, highlighting that 1,161 (64%) were male, predominant age group of 50-59 years (26%; n=298), white race/color (46%; n=535) , single (55%; n=640), incomplete primary education (40%; n=461), with incidence of neoplasia in the maxillary sinus (52%; n=943), and clinical staging grade IV (32%; n=575). The occupations registered in Brazilians with sinonasal cancer were in Group 6 (64.7%; n=701) - agricultural, forestry and fishing workers, and in Group 8 (26.7%; n=289) - workers in the production of industrial goods and services, mainly in the states of Bahia (11%; n=206) and Minas Gerais (18%; n=327). Article 2: describes a methodological study with the steps of translation, synthesis, back-translation, back-translation report, review, pilot test and final translation proposed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. The instrument was divided into 11 domains according to characteristics of the questions in the original instrument. The pre-test was carried out between July and September 2021 in a reference hospital in oncology in the state of Paraná, Brazil, with 15 participants that were patients with nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, and five family members. The instrument obtained an index of 94% agreement among judges, who made suggestions for inclusion, semantic maintenance and replacement in 11 domains. In the pre-test, although participants confirmed their 100% (n=15) understanding of questions and domains, all had difficulty interpreting the word "popper", and 53% (n=8) made suggestions for improvements in the questionnaire. One participant requested the inclusion of hookah in smoking habits. Article 3: consists of a case series report from an oncology hospital in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, from 2005 to 2021. Patients of both sexes aged over 18 years, with ICD C30 and group C31, under healthcare in the last 12 months at the hospital, or family members (in the case of patient's death) aged 18 years or older were included. Participants were interviewed using the Work History and Lifestyle Questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed by simple and absolute frequency. Results: Article 3 had 52 participants that were male (56%; n= 29), married (31%; n= 16), with complete primary education (23%; n= 12) and no history of smoking (27 %; n=14), and the prevalent location was C30.0 in men (33%; n=17) with squamous cell carcinoma (40.3%; n=21). Carcinogenic exposure to wood dust (29.8%; n=17), chromium and nickel (17.5%; n=10), and leather and leather products (14%; n=8). Conclusion: the frequency of nasal and paranasal sinus cancer was higher in males with primary education, in agricultural workers and in the manufacturing industry who were exposed to the carcinogenic agent; the study may motivate reflections on the involvement of nasal and paranasal sinus cancer in the Brazilian context, mainly of occupational origin, according to monographs of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which emphasizes the importance of using a research instrument with complex and essential information of occupational history and lifestyle habits directed to nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.

The outcome of transnasal endoscopic total maxillectomy in the treatment of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To assess the prognosis of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma with hard palatine invasion treated by transnasal endoscopic total maxillectomy. Methods:Clinical data of twenty-six patients with sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma invading hard palatine treated by transnasal endoscopic total maxillectomy between May 2014 and December 2020 was analyzed retrospectively. Survival rate, local recurrence and distant metastasis were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used to investigate the prognosis factors. Masticatory function after maxillectomy has also been assessed using the questionnaire of patients' satisfaction about masticatory function. Results:Margins in 8 patients（30%） were positive. The median time of follow-up was 38 months（6 to 85 months）. Twenty-five patients recurred. Four patients died of distant metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate and relapse-free survival rate was 79.5% and 89.1%, respectively. Independent predictors of outcome on multivariate analysis were positive margin（P=0.018）, recurrence（P=0.006） and distant metastasis（P=0.04）. Conclusion:Transnasal endoscopic total maxillectomy could be performed for the treatment of the sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma with hard palatine invasion. Positive margin, local recurrence and distant metastasis were important predictors for patients' prognosis.

Plasmocitoma extramedular solitario rinosinusal: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the rhinosinusal cavity: a case report and literature review

Resumen El plasmocitoma extramedular solitario (PES) es una neooplasia maligna infrecuente caracterizada por una proliferación aislada de células plasmáticas monoclonales en tejido extramedular. La localización más frecuente es en cabeza y cuello con predominio en el territorio rinosinusal, sin embargo, estas lesiones malignas representan menos del 1% de los tumores de esta región anatómica. El diagnostico requiere una alta sospecha clínica, análisis histopatológico acucioso, estudios serológicos y exámenes radiológicos sistémicos de acuerdo a los criterios diagnósticos establecidos en la literatura internacional. Se analiza el caso de un paciente masculino con un PES que se presentó como un tumor de fosa nasal derecha y obstrucción nasal de meses de evolución con hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos inespecíficos. El diagnóstico definitivo se realizó mediante biopsia endoscópica nasal y estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento fue abordado de manera multidisciplinaria entre otorrinolaringología, hematología y radiooncología. De acuerdo a las guías internacionales, se decidió realizar radioterapia localizada con buen resultado clínico precoz. El PES requiere un abordaje multidisciplinario para lograr un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, siendo imprescindible la exclusión del mieloma múltiple debido a las diferencias terapéuticas y en pronóstico clínico. El tratamiento puede realizarse con radioterapia y/o cirugía, siendo la radioterapia el pilar de tratamiento.

Abstract Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is a rare malignant neoplasm characterized by isolated proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in extramedullary tissue. The most frequent location is in the head and neck with a predominance in the rhinosinusal territory; however, these malignant lesions represent less than 1% of the tumors in this anatomical region. The diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion, careful histopathological analysis, serological studies and systemic radiological examinations according to the diagnostic criteria established in the international literature. We analyze the case of a male patient with SEP that presented as a tumor of the right nostril and nasal obstruction of months of evolution with nonspecific clinical and imaging findings. The definitive diagnosis was made by nasal endoscopic biopsy and histopathological study. The treatment was approached by multidisciplinary teamwork. According to international guidelines, it was decided to perform localized radiotherapy with good early clinical results. SEP requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a timely diagnosis and treatment, being essential exclusion of multiple myeloma due to the therapeutic differences and prognosis. Treatment can be done with radiation therapy and/or surgery; radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment.

Treatment and prognosis analysis of perineural invasion on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with perineural invasion (PNI), and explore the prognostic value of PNI on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 105 patients with sinonasal ACC admitted to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were restaged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. Follow-up visits were conducted to obtain information of treatment failure and survival outcome. The Log rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: The maxillary sinus (n=59) was the most common primary site, followed by the nasal cavity (n=38). There were 93 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. The treatment modalities included surgery alone (n=14), radiotherapy alone (n=13), preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery (n=10), and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n=68). The median follow-up time was 91.8 months, the 5-year local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.6%, 73.0%, 52.9% and 78.0%, respectively. There were 33 patients (31.4%) with PNI-positive. The 5-year DMFS, PFS, and OS rates of PNI-positive group were 53.7%, 29.4% and 56.5%, respectively, which were significantly inferior to those of PNI-negative group (80.8%, 63.0% and 86.8%, respectively, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the 5-year LC rate between both groups (64.5% vs 76.5%, P=0.273). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed PNI was one of the poor prognostic factors of DMFS (HR=3.514, 95%CI: 1.557-7.932), PFS (HR=2.562, 95%CI: 1.349-4.866) and OS (HR=2.605, 95%CI: 1.169-5.806). Among patients with PNI-positive, the 5-year LC, PFS and OS rates of patients received surgery combined with radiotherapy were 84.9%, 41.3% and 72.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 23.3%, 10.0% and 26.7% of patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PNI increases the risk of distant metastasis in patients with sinonasal ACC. Compared with patients with PNI-negative, the prognosis of patients with PNI-positive is relatively poor, and surgery combined with radiotherapy for PNI-positive sinonasal ACC results in good clinical outcomes.

Características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas y anatomopatológicas de los tumores nasosinusales malignos en pacientes hondureños / Epidemiological, clinical, radiological and anatomopathological characteristics of malignant sinonasal tumors in Honduran patients

Introducción: Los tumores de la cavidad nasal y senos paranasales son neoplasias poco frecuentes. La histopatología y características clínicas son diferentes al resto de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. Objetivo: Caracterizar desde el punto de vista clínico-epidemiológico, radiológico y anatomopatológico a los pacientes mayores de 18 años con tumores nasosinusales malignos atendidos en un hospital hondureño. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, mediante una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se tomó una muestra de 30 pacientes que estaban hospitalizados en sala de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Escuela de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, en el periodo enero del 2017-diciembre del 2019. Los pacientes estudiados habían sido diagnosticados con cáncer de nariz y senos paranasales. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 30 pacientes, de los cuales el 47 por ciento eran mayores de 50 años, de sexo femenino un 53 por ciento, amas de casa el 40 por ciento y agricultores el 20 por ciento. Los principales síntomas y signos fueron obstrucción nasal (50 por ciento), rinorrea (30 por ciento) y masa (20 por ciento), con localización principalmente en cavidades nasales (67 por ciento). Las características radiológicas más importantes fueron su vascularidad (43 por ciento) y unilateralidad (33 por ciento), la estirpe histológica que predominó fue el linfoma (30 por ciento). Conclusiones: Los tumores nasales predominaron en el sexo femenino, siendo la obstrucción nasal, rinorrea y masa sus síntomas y signos principales. El aumento de la vascularidad en la imagen por tomografía computarizada orienta a sospechar malignidad. Se evidenció que el factor económico y el desconocimiento de la enfermedad demoró la asistencia del paciente a un centro hospitalario(AU)

Introduction: Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are infrequent neoplasms. Their histopathology and clinical characteristics are different from those of other head and neck neoplasms. Objective: Carry out a clinical-epidemiological, radiological and anatomopathological characterization of patients aged over 18 years with malignant sinonasal tumors attending a Honduran hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. Nonprobability convenience sampling technique was applied to select a sample of 30 patients staying at the otolaryngology ward of the Medical Sciences Hospital School at the National Autonomous University of Honduras from January 2017 to December 2019. These patients had been diagnosed with nose and paranasal sinus cancer. Results: The study included 30 patients, of whom 47 percent were aged over 50 years, 53 percent were female, 40 percent were housewives and 20 percent were farmers. The main signs and symptoms were nasal obstruction (50 percent), rhinorrhea (30 percent) and mass (20 percent), with most common location in the nasal cavity (67 percent). The most important radiological characteristics were their vascularity (43 percent) and one-sidedness (33 percent), with lymphoma as the prevailing histological type (30 percent). Conclusions: Nasal tumors prevailed in the female sex, with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and mass as their main signs and symptoms. Increase in vascularity in computed tomography images leads to suspecting malignancy. Evidence was found that the economic factor and poor knowledge about the disease delayed patient attendance to a hospital institution(AU)

Does evaluation of tumor volume or/both origination site better guide to optimal surgery for inverted papilloma? / A avaliação do volume do tumor e/ou dos seus locais de origem fornece a melhor orientação para a técnica cirúrgica ideal do papiloma invertido?

Abstract Introduction Sinonasal inverted papilloma is noted for its high rate of recurrence. Staging systems aid to reduce recurrence and avoid excessive surgeries by guiding the selection of the optimal surgical approach. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different endoscopic approaches in inverted papilloma by assessing tumor origin site and tumor volume. Methods Krouse classification system that is based on tumor volume was used for staging; furthermore, tumor origin sites were grouped as lateral nasal wall, medial wall and other walls of maxillary sinus. The main treatment method for all patients was endoscopic sinus surgery. Endoscopic extended middle meatal antrostomy, endoscopic Caldwell-Luc and endoscopic medial maxillectomy were the additional surgery types performed in different combinations. Results Fifty-five patients (42 male) with a mean 54.9 ± 14.4 years of age were included. 37 patients were diagnosed with advanced stage inverted papilloma (67.2 %). Recurrence was observed in 12 patients (21.8 %). In early stage lateral nasal wall origination, no recurrence was observed in the simple tumor resection group (0/10). In early stage medial wall origination, no recurrence was observed in the extended middle meatal antrostomy group (0/8). In advanced stage medial wall origination, the recurrence rates of extended middle meatal antrostomy, extended middle meatal antrostomy + endoscopic Caldwell- Luc and endoscopic medial maxillectomy were 100.0 %, 53.8 % and 13.6 %, respectively (p = 0.002). In advanced stage other walls of maxillary sinus origination, recurrence rates of extended middle meatal antrostomy + endoscopic Caldwell-Luc and endoscopic medial maxillectomy were 20 % and 16.6 %, respectively (p = 0.887). Conclusion Tumor origin site, tumor stage and surgery types show an impact on recurrence. Despite the fact that tumor origin site singly could lead to appropriate selection of the surgery type in most cases, tumor stage carries substantial importance in selection of surgery type for sinonasal-inverted papilloma. An operation plan regarding both tumor volume and tumor origin site may aid surgeons in selecting optimal endoscopic surgical method to avoid recurrence or excessive surgeries.

Resumo Introdução O papiloma invertido nasossinusal é conhecido por sua alta taxa de recorrência. Os sistemas de estadiamento ajudam a reduzir a recorrência e evitar cirurgias excessivas e orientam a seleção da abordagem cirúrgica ideal. Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia de diferentes abordagens endoscópicas no papiloma invertido, de acordo com o local de origem e o volume do tumor. Método Para o estadiamento, usou-se o sistema de classificação de Krouse, baseado no volume do tumor; além disso, os tumores foram agrupados de acordo com seus locais de origem: parede nasal lateral, parede medial e outras paredes do seio maxilar. O principal método de tratamento para todos os pacientes foi a cirurgia endoscópica nasossinusal. Foram feitos, em diferentes combinações, os seguintes tipos de cirurgia: antrostomia estendida do meato médio, Caldwell-Luc endoscópica e maxilectomia medial endoscópica. Resultados Foram incluídos 55 pacientes (42 homens) com média de 54,9 ± 14,4 anos. Trinta e sete pacientes foram diagnosticados com papiloma invertido avançado (67,2%). Foi observada recorrência em 12 pacientes (21,8%). No estágio inicial com origem na parede nasal lateral, não foi observada recorrência no grupo de ressecção simples de tumor (0/10). No estágio inicial com origem na parede medial, não foi observada recorrência no grupo de antrostomia estendida do meato médio (0/8). Com tumor em estágio avançado com origem na parede medial, as taxas de recorrência na antrostomia estendida do meato médio, antrostomia estendida do meato médio + Caldwell-Luc endoscópica e maxilectomia medial endoscópica foram de 100,0%, 53,8% e 13,6%, respectivamente (p = 0,002). No tumor em estágio avançado em outras paredes do seio maxilar, as taxas de recorrência na antrostomia estendida do meato médio + Caldwell-Luc endoscópica e maxilectomia medial endoscópica foram de 20% e 16,6%, respectivamente (p = 0,887). Conclusão O local de origem do tumor, o estágio do tumor e os tipos de cirurgia mostram impacto na recorrência. Apesar da consideração de que na maioria dos casos o local de origem do tumor pode, de forma isolada, orientar a seleção apropriada do tipo de cirurgia, o estágio do tumor tem importância substancial na seleção do tipo de cirurgia para papiloma invertido nasossinusal. Um planejamento cirúrgico considerando tanto o volume quanto o local de origem do tumor pode ajudar os cirurgiões a selecionar o tipo ideal de cirurgia endoscópica para evitar recorrências ou remoções excessivas.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma: rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in 44 operated patients / Papiloma invertido nasossinusal: taxa de recorrência e transformação maligna em 44 pacientes operados

Abstract Introduction: Although sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign lesions, they are locally aggressive and have a potential malignant transformation ranging from 5% to 15%, with a high recurrence rate. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in patients with a diagnosis of inverted papilloma who underwent surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma who had undergone surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, between August 1998 and August 2017. A patient chart review was conducted to assess data of patients' demographics, tumors characteristics, follow-up appointments, recurrence and malignancy. Inverted papillomas were analyzed and classified under the Krouse staging system. Results: A total of 69 surgeries were performed in patients with diagnosis of sinonasal papilloma. Inverted papilloma was the most prevalent subtype (49 cases ‒ 80.33%), followed by exophytic papilloma (6 cases ‒ 9.84%) and by oncocytic papilloma (6 cases - 9.84%). The recurrence rate was 34.09% for inverted papilloma (15/44) and the mean time of recurrence was 24.6 months. Malignant transformation occurred in 6 patients (13.64%). Three of these patients presented carcinoma in the first surgery and three patients developed carcinoma during the follow-up. Conclusion: The high recurrence rate and malignancy potential allow us to consider inverted papillomas as aggressive tumors. In a tertiary hospital in São Paulo the recurrence rate the mean time to recurrence is 24.6 months. The recurrence after 10 years implies was 34.09% and the need for long-term follow up. It is possible that the high recurrence rate and the high malignant transformation rate we found are due to the large number of tumors discovered at an advanced stage (most of them staged T3 and T4), secondary to poor access to health system, in developing countries.

Resumo Introdução: Embora os papilomas invertidos nasossinusais sejam lesões benignas, eles são localmente agressivos e apresentam uma potencial transformação maligna que varia de 5% a 15%, com alta taxa de recorrência. Objetivo: Descrever a taxa de recorrência e transformação maligna em pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma invertido submetidos à cirurgia em um hospital terciário em São Paulo. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes diagnosticados com papiloma nasossinusal submetidos a cirurgia em um hospital terciário em São Paulo, entre agosto de 1998 e agosto de 2017. Uma revisão de prontuários dos pacientes foi realizada para avaliar dados demográficos, características dos tumores, consultas de seguimento, recorrência e malignidade. Os papilomas invertidos foram analisados e classificados de acordo com o sistema de estadiamento de Krouse. Resultados: Foram realizadas 69 cirurgias em pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma nasossinusal. O papiloma invertido foi o subtipo mais prevalente (49 casos - 80,33%), seguido pelo papiloma exofítico (6 casos - 9,84%) e pelo papiloma oncocítico (6 casos - 9,84%). A taxa de recidiva foi de 34,09% para o papiloma invertido (15/44) e o tempo médio de recorrência foi de 24,6 meses. Transformação maligna ocorreu em seis pacientes (13,64%); três desses pacientes apresentaram carcinoma na primeira cirurgia e três pacientes desenvolveram carcinoma durante o seguimento. Conclusão: A alta taxa de recorrência e o potencial de malignidade nos permitem considerar os papilomas invertidos como tumores agressivos. Em um hospital terciário de São Paulo, a taxa de recorrência foi de 34,09% e o tempo médio de recorrência de 24,6 meses. A recorrência após 10 anos implica na necessidade de acompanhamento a longo prazo. É possível que a alta taxa de recorrência e a alta taxa de transformação maligna que encontramos sejam devidas à grande extensão dos tumores (a maioria deles nos estágios T3 e T4), decorrente do acesso precário ao sistema de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento.

Sinonasal neoplasms in 49 dogs: clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects / Neoplasmas nasossinusais em 49 cães: aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos

This study aimed to quantify nasosinusal neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in 20 years (2000-2019) and characterize the main clinical, macroscopic, and histological aspects of these neoplasms. The sex, breed, age, skull conformation, the main clinical signs, and the anatomopathological characteristics (distribution, macroscopy, and histology) were computed. During this period, 49 dogs were affected by neoplasms in these regions, totaling 50 neoplasms (one dog had two neoplasms of different locations and histogenetic origins). Similar amounts of mixed-breed dogs (25/49) and purebred dogs (24/49) were affected, these distributed in 16 breeds. Among purebreds, it was noted that dogs with mesocephalic cranial conformation (12/24) were the most affected, followed by dolichocephalic (10/24) and brachycephalic (2/24). There were 22 cases in males and 27 in females, making a proportion of 1:1.23. There was an age variation from 11 months to 16 years old. The epithelial neoplasms have occurred in older dogs compared to those of other histogenic origins (mesenchymal and other origins/round cells). The main clinical signs were similar between the histogenetic categories, related to the involvement of the upper respiratory tract, sometimes accompanied by nervous signs (when there was brain invasion of nasal neoplasms or vice versa). The possible origin site was mostly in the nasal cavity concerning the paranasal sinuses (and other locations). Invasions occurred in different tissues adjacent to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, resulting in cranial and facial deformities (21/49). The frequency was 48% of epithelial neoplasms, 32% of mesenchymal neoplasms, and 10% of neoplasms with other origins and round cells. The neoplasms most frequently observed, in decreasing order of frequency, were: adenocarcinoma (9/50), squamous cell carcinoma (9/50), transmissible venereal tumor (5/50), osteosarcoma (5/50), chondrosarcoma (4/50), and undifferentiated sarcoma (4/50). Through this study, it was possible to establish the frequency of these neoplasms in 20 years and their clinical, macroscopic, and histological characteristics.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os neoplasmas nasossinusais diagnosticados em cães em 20 anos (2000-2019) e caracterizar os principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histológicos desses neoplasmas. Foram computados sexo, raça, idade, conformação do crânio, principais sinais clínicos e características anatomopatológicas (distribuição, macroscopia e histologia). Nesse período, 49 cães foram acometidos por neoplasmas nessas regiões, totalizando 50 neoplasmas (um cão tinha dois neoplasmas de localização e origens histogenéticas distintas). Foram acometidas quantidades semelhantes de cães sem raça definida (25/49) e de cães com raça definida (24/49), estes distribuídos em 16 raças. Entre os cães com raça definida, notou-se que os cães com conformação craniana mesocefálica (12/24) foram os mais acometidos, seguidos pelos dolicocefálicos (10/24) e braquicefálicos (2/24). Foram observados 22 casos em machos e 27 em fêmeas, perfazendo a relação de 1:1,23. Ocorreu uma variação de idade de 11 meses a 16 anos; tendo os neoplasmas epiteliais ocorrido em cães mais velhos quando comparado aos de outras origens histogênicas (mesenquimais e outras origens/células redondas). Os principais sinais clínicos foram semelhantes entre as categorias histogenéticas, sendo relacionados ao comprometimento do trato respiratório superior, por vezes acompanhados de sinais nervosos (quando houve invasão encefálica de neoplasmas nasais ou vice-versa). O possível local de origem em sua maioria foi na cavidade nasal em relação aos seios nasais (e de outras localizações). Ocorreram invasões para diferentes tecidos adjacentes à cavidade nasal e seios paranasais, tendo como consequência deformidades cranianas e faciais (21/49). A frequência foi de 48% de neoplasmas epiteliais, 32% de neoplasmas mesenquimais e 10% de neoplasmas com outras origens e de células redondas. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente observados, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: adenocarcinoma (9/50), carcinoma de células escamosas (9/50), tumor venéreo transmissível (5/50), osteossarcoma (5/50), condrossarcoma (4/50) e sarcoma indiferenciado (4/50). Com isso, pode-se estabelecer a frequência desses neoplasmas em 20 anos, bem como suas características clínicas, macroscópicas e histológicas.(AU)

Tumores fibroóseos de cavidades paranasales: experiencia en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile y revisión de la literatura / Fibro-osseous tumors of paranasal cavities: experience in the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile and review of the literature

Los tumores de cavidades paranasales presentan una baja frecuencia. Dentro de éstos, entre los benignos destacan las lesiones fibroóseas que se caracterizan por el reemplazo de hueso normal por estroma celular fibroso. Dentro de estas lesiones se describen osteoma, displasia fibrosa y fibroma osificante. Se revisan 3 casos de pacientes del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile y se presenta una revisión bibliográfica en cuanto a las lesiones fibroóseas, su clínica, diagnóstico, imagenología y tratamiento.

The tumors of paranasal cavities present a low frequency. Among the benign tumors are fibro-osseous lesions characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous cell stroma. Osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma are described within these lesions. Three cases of patients from the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile are reviewed and a bibliographic review is presented regarding the fibro-osseous lesions, their clinical features, diagnosis, imaging and treatment.

Surgical outcomes of sinonasal inverted papilloma: a 17 year review / Resultados cirúrgicos do papiloma invertido nasossinusal: uma revisão de 17 anos

Abstract Introduction: Inverted papillomas represent one of the most common benign neoplasic lesions located in the sinonasal tract. Owing to the local erosive behavior, tendency to recur and the potential for malignant transformation, surgical management of inverted papillomas is often challenging. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the surgical outcomes of patients with inverted papillomas, according to the Krouse staging and the different surgical approaches. Methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with sinonasal inverted papillomas who underwent surgical treatment between 2000 and 2016 at a tertiary referral hospital. Cases with follow-up less than 12 months were excluded. The rate and the time of recurrence were the main outcomes. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-six cases with mean age of 60 years, predominantly male (72%), were included. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 16 years, with an average of 4.5 years. Krouse T1 Stage corresponded to 11.1%; T2 occurred in 50% of cases; while T3 and T4 Stages accounted for 30.6% and 8.3% of patients, respectively. Most cases were approached by an endoscopic technique alone (83.3%), with a recurrence rate of 13.3%. Patients treated via a combined or open approach revealed a recurrence of 16.7%. No differences in the recurrence rate were reported when comparing endoscopic surgery with the open or combined techniques. Krouse Stage T3 had a significant association with inverted papillomas recurrence (p = 0.023). All inverted papilloma relapses occurred up to 2 years post-operatively. One case of malignant transformation was recorded (2.7%). Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery did not increase the recurrence rates and can be a safe and efficient alternative to open or combined techniques. The recurrence of inverted papillomas seem to be related to the persistence of the disease and tend to occur early after primary surgery. Krouse T3 Stages may be associated with a higher recurrence of inverted papillomas.

Resumo Introdução: Os papilomas invertidos são uma das lesões neoplásicas benignas mais comuns no trato nasossinusal. Devido ao seu comportamento localmente agressivo, tendência para recidivar e potencial de malignização, o tratamento cirúrgico dos papilomas invertidos constitui frequentemente um desafio. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados cirúrgicos dos papilomas invertidos segundo o estadiamento de Krouse, bem como avaliar as diferentes abordagens cirúrgicas. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma invertido nasossinusal submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre 2000 e 2016 em hospital terciário. Casos com acompanhamento inferior a 12 meses foram excluídos. A taxa e o tempo de recidiva foram os principais resultados analisados desfechos avaliados. Valores p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 36 casos, com média de idade de 60 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino (72%). O período de acompanhamento variou de 1 a 16 anos, em uma média de 4,5 anos. Relativamente ao estadiamento, 11,1% dos pacientes foram classificados como estadio Krouse T1, 50% como T2, 30,6% como T3 e 8,3% como T4. A maioria dos casos foi tratada exclusivamente por cirurgia endoscópica (83,3%), com taxa de recidiva de 13,3%. Pacientes tratados com uma técnica combinada ou aberta apresentaram recidiva de 16,7%. Não foram observadas diferenças quanto à taxa de recidiva entre os casos abordados por via endoscópica e os casos tratados com técnica aberta ou combinada. Verificou-se uma associação significativa entre o estadio T3 de Krouse e recidiva de papilomas invertidos (p = 0,023). Todas as recidivas de papilomas invertidos foram observadas até dois anos após a cirurgia. Um caso de transformação maligna foi registrado (2,7%). Conclusão: A cirurgia endoscópica não aumentou as taxas de recidiva e pode ser uma alternativa segura e eficiente às técnicas abertas ou combinadas. Os casos de recidiva do papiloma invertido parecem estar relacionados com a persistência da doença e tendem a ocorrer precocemente após a cirurgia primária. Os estadios T3 de Krouse podem estar associados a uma maior recidiva.

Enfrentamiento de pacientes Testigo de Jehová en cirugía otorrinolaringológica: a propósito de un caso de resección de tumor rinosinusal / Jehovah's Witnesses patients in otorhinolaryngological surgery: a case regarding a sinonasal tumor resection

Las cirugías de cabeza y cuello presentan un alto riesgo de sangrado que puede significar el uso de transfusiones sanguíneas. Existen casos en las que éstas son rechazadas, como sucede con los Testigos de Jehová. Se expone el caso de una paciente Testigo de Jehová con un tumor rinosinusal con alto riesgo de sangrado que consultó por epistaxis recurrente. Se evidencia un tumor ocluyendo la fosa nasal derecha de aspecto vascular a la rinoscopía y la tomografía computarizada. Múltiples aferencias de la arteria esfenopalatina y etmoidales se observaron en una angiografía cerebral. Previo a la resección, se embolizó la arteria maxilar. Durante la cirugía, se contó con un sistema de recuperación de sangre autóloga, hemodilución e infusión de ácido tranexámico. Se ligó la arteria etmoidal anterior derecha vía externa con apoyo endoscópico y luego se resecó el tumor vía endoscópica. La biopsia reveló un carcinoma sinonasal escamoso. Existen alternativas terapéuticas en pacientes que rechacen el uso de hemoderivados. Destacan medidas preoperatorias como la embolización endovascular, intraoperatorias como el uso de agentes hemostáticos, técnicas quirúrgicas y anestésicas. Es importante analizar todas las opciones disponibles de forma multidisciplinara y junto con el paciente, para determinar la conducta más adecuada a seguir.

Head and neck surgeries have a high risk of bleeding, and therefore could require the use of blood transfusions. There are cases for which blood transfusions are not an acceptable option, as is the case for Jehovah's Witnesses. We present the case of a Jehovah's Witness with a sinonasal tumor with a high risk of bleeding, who presented with recurrent epistaxis. Rhinoscopy and computed tomography revealed a vascular-like tumor occluding the right nasal cavity. Cerebral angiography showed afferents of the sphenopalatine and ethmoidal arteries leading to the tumor. Prior to the resection, the maxillary artery was embolized. During surgery, we relied on an autologous blood recovery system, hemodilution and tranexamic acid. Right anterior ethmoidal artery ligation was performed by an endoscopic assisted external approach. The tumor was resected endoscopically The biopsy revealed a squamous sinonasal carcinoma. There are therapeutic alternatives for patients who cannot receive blood products. There are preoperative measures such as endovascular embolization, intraoperative measures such as the use of hemostatic agents and specific surgical or anesthetic techniques. It's important to analyze all of the available options in a multidisciplinary team approach, and to take into consideration the patient's preferences, in order to determine the best surgical conduct.

Radiologic Features of Nuclear Protein of the Testis Midline Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

Nuclear protein of the testis midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare malignant tumor that is mostly located in the upper trachea,mediastinal midline,and paravertebral midline,and few literature has described the imaging features of NMC in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In this article we summarize the clinical,radiologic,and pathologic data of one case of pathologically confirmed NMC in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus by focusing on its CT and magnetic resonance imaging features.

Melanoma mucoso nasal: una enfermedad impredecible / Mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity: an unpredictable disease

RESUMEN El melanoma mucoso maligno es un tumor neuroectodérmico de menos del 5% de las neoplasias nasosinusales. Es un tumor de mal pronóstico clásicamente su promedio de supervivencia a cinco años es cercano al 28% y 17,5% a diez años, siendo aún peor cuando existe metástasis en cuello. Se presentan a continuación dos casos de melanoma mucoso en cavidad nasal y senos paranasales, el primero mujer 58 años con melanoma septal llevada a septotomía abierta más quimioterapia y radioterapia adyuvante, con recurrencia en cuello submaxilar derecho tratada con vaciamiento supraomohioideo actualmente sin recurrencia; el segundo hombre de 40 años con antecedente de resección melanoma septal quien presenta nuevo melanoma región etmoidal izquierda luego de su primera cirugía y es llevado a resección endoscópica transnasal sin tratamiento adyuvante por decisión del paciente.

ABSTRACT Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a neuroectodermic tumor account less 5% of nasosinusal tumors. It has a poor prognosis with a five-year average survival near 28% and 17.5% to 10 years; if neck metastasis is even worst. Here we present two clinical cases. First one a woman 58 years old with septal melanoma who receives an open septectomy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy with submaxillary recurrence treated with supraomohyoid neck dissection. The second case, a man 40 years old with previous septal melanoma surgery who has an ethmoid sinus recurrence and receives transnasal endoscopic surgery without adjuvant therapy by patient desire.

Sinonasal organising haematoma - a little known entity / Hematoma nasossinusal em organização - uma entidade pouco conhecida

Abstract Introduction: Sinonasal organising haematoma is a recently described, rare, benign inflammatory condition, which closely resembles malignancy in its clinical presentation. Objective: To describe the clinical features of organising haematoma and to review the evolution of surgical options successfully used. Methods: A retrospective review of charts of all patients with a histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal organising haematoma was performed. Results: Six (60%) of the 10 patients were male with a mean age of 47.4 years. All patients had unilateral disease with recurrent epistaxis as the presenting symptom. Maxillary sinus was the most commonly involved sinus. There was no history of trauma in any of the patients. Hypertension (80%) was the most commonly associated comorbidity. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the paranasal sinuses showed heterogeneous sinus opacification with/without bone erosion. Histopathological examination was diagnostic. Complete endoscopic excision was done in all patients resulting in resolution of the disease. Conclusion: Awareness of this relatively new clinical entity and its evaluation and treatment is important for otolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons and pathologists alike. Despite the clinical picture of malignancy, histopathological features of benign disease can safely dispel such a diagnosis.

Resumo Introdução: Hematoma nasossinusal em organização é uma condição inflamatória benigna rara, recentemente descrita, que se assemelha a lesões malignas em sua apresentação clínica. Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas do hematoma em organização e analisar a evolução das opções cirúrgicas usadas com sucesso. Método: Foi feita a revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários de todos os pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de hematoma nasossinusal em organização. Resultados: Seis (60%) dos 10 pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com média de 47,4 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam doença unilateral com epistaxe recorrente como sintoma de apresentação. O seio maxilar era o mais comumente afetado. Não havia histórico de trauma em qualquer dos pacientes. Hipertensão (80%) foi a comorbidade mais comumente associada. A tomografia computadorizada dos seios paranasais com contraste mostrou opacificação heterogênea do seio com/sem erosão óssea. O exame histopatológico foi diagnóstico. A excisão endoscópica completa foi feita em todos os pacientes, resultou na resolução da doença. Conclusão: A conscientização a respeito dessa entidade clínica relativamente nova e sua avaliação e tratamento são importantes para os otorrinolaringologistas, cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais e patologistas. Apesar do quadro clínico de malignidade, as características histopatológicas da doença benigna podem descartar com segurança esse diagnóstico.

Maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines

@#<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To establish preliminary demographic and clinicopathologic data on Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in the Philippine General Hospital</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>       </p><p><strong>Design:</strong>           Retrospective Case Series</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong>           Tertiary National University Hospital</p><p><strong>Participants:</strong> Socio-demographic and clinical data from records of 22 patients admitted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Philippine General Hospital from 2013-2016 and histopathologically confirmed to have Maxillary Sinus SCC, were collected and described using means and proportions.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There were 15 males and 7 females with a mean age of 50-years-old (range 24 to 77-years-old). Maxillary mass/swelling was the most common chief complaint.  The mean gap between initial symptoms and consult was 6.77 months.  Initial biopsies were obtained from the maxillary sinus in 16 patients, with 1 patient noted to have undergone malignant transformation from a prior intranasal squamous papilloma.  Staging was advanced (Stage IVA in 16, IVB in 4, and III in 2), with no patients with Stage I or II disease.  Sixteen (16) patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy, while 6 patients received radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy.  Regional and distant metastases were uncommon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this series, maxillary sinus SCC occurs more in males, with a maxillary mass as the most common chief complaint.  Delay in treatment is common, with a mean gap of 6 months between initial symptoms and consult.  Neck node metastasis is uncommon, and most patients undergo surgery with radiotherapy as treatment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> maxillary sinus cancer; paranasal sinus cancer; squamous cell carcinoma</p>

Estesioneuroblastoma Olfatorio: Presentacion De Un Caso / Oligatory Esthesioneuroblastoma: Presentation of a Case

Se presenta un caso de una paciente con pérdida de peso, congestión nasal epistaxis, aumento de volumen en cuello con disfagia a sólidos y líquidos de 1 mes de evolución. La tomografía de cuello muestra una masa de tejidos blandos en la base de cuello con erosión del esfenoides con extensión a la fosa craneal media, con erosión del clivus, el esfenoides y la si­lla turca. El diagnostico histopatológico es un estesioneuroblastoma.

We present a case of a patient with weight loss, nasal congestion, epistaxis, increase neck volu­ me with dysphagia to solids and liquids of 1 month of evolution. The neck tomography shows a soft tissue mass at the base of the neck with erosion of the sphe­ noid with extension to the middle cranial fossa, with erosion of the clivus, the sphenoid and the sella turcica. The histopathological diagnosis is an esthesioneuroblastoma.

Cirugía endoscópica nasal en el tratamiento de papiloma invertido: a propósito de 18 casos / Endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of inverted papilloma: an analysis of 18 cases

RESUMEN Introducción El papiloma invertido nasosinusal es un tumor benigno con tendencia a la recidiva, y con riesgo de malignización. El tratamiento habitual es la extirpación quirúrgica. Objetivo Describir y analizar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, y resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico por vía endoscópica. Material y método Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, incluyendo pacientes con papiloma invertido nasosinusal sometidos a extirpación quirúrgica endoscópica entre los años 2012 y 2016. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, complicaciones quirúrgicas, recurrencias y transformación maligna. El grado de extensión se evaluó con tomografia computarizada según la clasificación de Krouse. Resultados La serie está constituida por 18 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 57,4 años. La clínica se caracterizó por obstrucción nasal unilateral 72,2% (13/18 pacientes), rinorrea 33,3% (6/18 pacientes), hiposmia 27,8% (5/18 pacientes) y epistaxis 27,8% (5/18 pacientes). Según la clasificación de Krouse, las lesiones iniciales se describen como estadio T1 en 7/18, T2 en 5/18, T3 en 5/18 y T4 en 1/18 pacientes. En el período de seguimiento, se observa recurrencia en 4 pacientes en un período promedio de seguimiento de 5,6 meses, y un caso de transformación maligna. No hubo complicaciones quirúrgicas, excepto un caso de epífora por obstrucción de la vía nasolagrimal. Conclusiones El abordaje endoscópico fue efectivo para el tratamiento de papilomas invertidos nasosinusales.

ABSTRACT Introduction Sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign tumors with a tendency to recur and a potential for malignant transformation. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Aim To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and surgical results from an endoscopic endonasal approach. Material and method Retrospective and descriptive study of all patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of a sinonasal inverted papilloma between the years 2012 and 2016. Variables analyzed include demographics, signs and symptoms, surgical complications, recurrence rate and malignant transformation. Tumor extension was evaluated with the Krouse staging system on computed tomography imaging. Results This series includes 18 patients, with a mean age of 57.4 years. Clinically, patients presented with unilateral nasal obstruction 72.2% (13/18 patients), followed by rhinorrhea 33.3% (6/18 patients), hyposmia 27.8% (5/18 patients) and epistaxis 27.8% (5/18 patients). Based on the Krouse staging system, 7/18 were T1, 5/18 were T2, 5/18 were T3 and 1/18 was T4 on initial evaluation. On follow-up, 4 patients presented with a recurrence at a mean period of 5.6 months, and one patient exhibited malignant transformation. No surgical complications were observed except for one case of epyphora as a consequence of nasolacrimal obstruction. Conclusions The endoscopic approach was effective for the treatment of sinonasal inverted papillomas.

The analysis of expression of p16 protein in group of 53 patients treated for sinonasal inverted papilloma / Análise da expressão da proteína p16 em um grupo de 53 pacientes tratados para papiloma invertido nasossinusal

Abstract Introduction: Sinonasal inverted papilloma constitute relevant therapeutic problem due to destructive character of growth, tendency to recur and the possibility of malignant transformation. Therefore, many attempts to identify risk factors for inverted papilloma occurrence have been undertaken, as well as research to find markers that would allow for the earlier detection of tumors and the application of adequate therapy. A widely known risk factor of inverted papilloma is HPV infection. One of the markers of HPV infection and the ongoing effect of this change (although arousing some controversy) is the expression of the p16 protein. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between the expression of p16 as a surrogate of HPV infection in analyzed histopathological material and epidemiological variables, recurrences or malignant transformation. Methods: The retrospective study includes a group of 53 patients (18 women and 35 men) undergoing treatment for sinonasal inverted papilloma in the period of 2002-2012. The intensity of the p16 protein in histopathological material was scored as: 0 - no expression, 1 - diffuse expression (borderline) and 2 - positive expression; or 0 - no expression/diffuse expression (borderline); 1 - positive expression. The Ethics Committee agreement was obtained (1089/12; 245/13). Results and conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between the expression of p16 and the age of patients, cigarette smoking, tumor location, tumor staging according to the Krouse and Cannady classification, the presence of dysplasia or the occurrence of relapse.

Resumo Introdução: Papiloma invertido nasossinusal constitui um problema terapêutico relevante devido ao caráter destrutivo do crescimento, a tendência à recorrência e a possibilidade de transformação maligna. Assim, muitas tentativas têm sido realizadas para identificar fatores de risco para ocorrência de papiloma invertido, bem como pesquisas para encontrar marcadores que permitam a detecção precoce de tumores e a utilização de terapia adequada. Um fator de risco amplamente conhecido de papiloma invertido é a infecção pelo HPV. Um dos marcadores da infecção por HPV e do efeito contínuo dessa alteração (embora suscite alguma controvérsia) é a expressão da proteína p16. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre a expressão de p16 como um substituto da infecção pelo HPV no material histopatológico analisado e as variáveis epidemiológicas, recorrências ou transformação maligna. Método: O estudo retrospectivo inclui um grupo de 53 pacientes (18 mulheres e 35 homens) submetidos a tratamento para papiloma invertido nasossinusal de 2002 a 2012. A intensidade da expressão da proteína p16 no material histopatológico foi pontuada como: 0 - sem expressão, 1 - expressão difusa (limite) e 2 - expressão positiva; ou 0 - sem expressão/expressão difusa (limite); 1 - expressão positiva. O Comitê de Ética aprovou o estudo (1.089/12; 245/13). Resultados e conclusão: Não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre a expressão de p16 e a idade dos pacientes, o tabagismo, a localização tumoral e o estadiamento tumoral de acordo com a classificação de Krouse e Cannady, presença de displasia ou ocorrência de recidiva.